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Effects of long-term AVT treatment on the expression of genes involved in spermatogenesis, gonadotropin signaling, and apoptosis in adult zebrafish testis. Relative mRNA expression levels (fold change vs. control) of piwil1, sycp3, cimap1b, lhcgr, fshr, and casp3a in testes from zebrafish treated with 0, 1, 10, or 100 ng/g AVT. Gene expression was normalized to reference genes and expressed as fold change relative to the control group (0 ng/g). Bars represent mean ± SEM; individual data points are shown. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05). Dots represent individual data points.
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